Prove the triangle inquality holds for all real numbers
\(|a+b| \leq |a|+|b|\) holds for all real numbers \(a\) and \(b\).
For the absolute value function definition and other properties see here.
Proof:
Let \(a\) and \(b\) be real numbers. Expand \((|a| + |b|)^2\) to see
$$
\begin{align*}
(|a| + |b|)^2 &= |a|^2 + 2|a||b| + |b|^2 \\
&= a^2 + 2|a||b| + b^2 \quad (\text{because \(|a|^2 = a^2\)})\\
&\geq a^2 + 2ab + b^2 \quad (\text{because \(|a| \geq a\) why? (1) below})\\
&= (a + b)^2 \\
&= |a + b|^2 \quad (\text{because \(|x|^2 = x^2\)})
\end{align*}
$$
So now we have
$$
\begin{align*}
(|a| + |b|)^2 &\geq |a + b|^2 \\
|a| + |b| &\geq |a+b|
\end{align*}
$$
as required. \(\blacksquare\)
(1) I was unable to add the proof link inside the math formula but for the proof of \(|a| \geq a\), see see here.
References: